Evidence-based posts for clinicians and students covering ABG and VBG interpretation, breathwork, COPD, oxygenation, ventilation, and respiratory education.
Use the blog to go deeper on the same topics covered in PulmTools calculators and simulators, with step-by-step clinical explanations, student-friendly breakdowns, and practical bedside context.
Looking for the best resource for ABG analysis? Learn the easiest way to study arterial blood gases with step-by-step explanations, practice cases, and interactive ABG tools.
Learn how to interpret an ABG step by step with a simple method, normal values, compensation basics, and interactive calculator support.
Practice ABG interpretation with real-world arterial blood gas cases, step-by-step answers, and calculator support to master acid-base analysis.
Understand COPD GOLD groups A, B, and E with symptoms, exacerbation risk, and treatment explained in a clear, step-by-step clinical guide.
Master ABG analysis with a step-by-step guide covering pH, primary disorders, compensation, oxygenation, mixed acid-base disorders, and practice cases.
Learn the major causes of hypoxemia including V/Q mismatch, shunt, diffusion impairment, hypoventilation, and low FiO₂ with clear clinical explanations.
Learn how to calculate and interpret the A–a gradient, what is normal, and how it helps identify causes of hypoxemia like V/Q mismatch, shunt, and diffusion impairment.
Normal VBG ranges for pH, PvCO₂, HCO₃⁻, and PvO₂, plus when VBG is useful and when ABG is required.
Learn how to interpret venous blood gases step-by-step, including normal values, acid-base interpretation, clinical use cases, and when ABG is required.
Learn how to calculate and interpret the P/F ratio with ARDS severity, bedside examples, and clinical use cases.
Learn how to distinguish respiratory vs metabolic acidosis using pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃⁻, with causes, compensation patterns, and clinical examples.
What it is, how to do it, HRV benefits, safety, and FAQs.
Clinical scenarios, correlation caveats, and practical guidance for sampling strategy.
Updated GOLD framework, assessment, and staging with actionable tips.
Evidence-based comparison of indications, parameters, and outcomes with AARC & ATS guidance.