Clear, practical guides for the decisions behind respiratory care. Explore blood gases, oxygenation, ventilation, and more.
Guides for clinicians, respiratory therapists, and students.
Explore recent thinking and practical clinical guides.
Learn how to use the PERC Rule to safely rule out pulmonary embolism in low-risk patients, understand all 8 criteria, avoid common pitfalls, and know when D-dimer testing is still required.
Learn how to calculate and interpret the Wells Score for pulmonary embolism, understand low vs intermediate vs high-risk categories, and know when to use D-dimer, PERC, or definitive imaging.
Learn the difference between oxygenation and ventilation, how PaO₂, SpO₂, PaCO₂, and pH guide ABG interpretation, and which PulmTools calculators help at the bedside.
Learn how to interpret capillary blood gases in neonates and pediatric patients, understand CBG vs ABG differences, avoid capillary PO₂ pitfalls, and know when arterial confirmation is needed.
Learn how to interpret umbilical arterial and venous cord gases, identify neonatal acidemia, understand base deficit significance, and recognize clinically meaningful cord blood gas patterns at birth.
Learn how to interpret preductal and postductal oxygen saturation differences in newborns, identify ductal shunting patterns, recognize PPHN physiology, and apply CCHD screening context at the bedside.
Learn how PRVC works, why pressure regulated volume control is a hybrid adaptive ventilator mode, where it helps, where it fails, and how to recognize PRVC failure at the bedside.
Learn the respiratory compensation rules for acute and chronic respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, and use them to recognize expected bicarbonate shifts and mixed acid-base disorders.
Learn how to calculate the rapid shallow breathing index, understand the classic 105 threshold, and review the real limitations of RSBI as an extubation indicator.
Learn how alveolar ventilation, anatomic dead space, and VD/VT ratio affect CO₂ clearance, bedside ventilation math, and ABG interpretation.
Learn how the ROX index helps assess HFNC response, estimate failure risk, and guide escalation decisions using SpO₂, FiO₂, and respiratory rate.
A clinician-focused guide to inhaled nitric oxide covering the one evidence-based indication, ARDS physiology, V/Q matching, and common off-label uses in critical care.
Move from a guide to a calculator or practice case when you're ready.