Clear, practical guides for the decisions behind respiratory care. Explore blood gases, oxygenation, ventilation, and more.
Guides for clinicians, respiratory therapists, and students.
Explore recent thinking and practical clinical guides.
Learn how to use a VBG calculator to interpret pH, PvCO₂, and HCO₃⁻. Includes venous blood gas analysis, compensation patterns, and when to use VBG vs ABG.
Practice VBG interpretation with realistic venous blood gas cases, interactive simulation, and step-by-step analysis. Improve acid-base recognition, compensation, and clinical reasoning using VBG practice questions.
Looking for an ABG Ninja alternative? Compare PulmTools with ABG Ninja and explore a more realistic ABG practice tool with stronger compensation logic, oxygenation review, and better clinical learning.
Understand COPD GOLD groups A, B, and E with symptoms, exacerbation risk, and treatment explained in a clear, step-by-step clinical guide.
A practical, step-by-step guide to COPD exacerbation management including oxygen targets, bronchodilators, steroids, antibiotics, NIV, and escalation of care.
Master ABG analysis with a step-by-step guide covering pH, primary disorders, compensation, oxygenation, mixed acid-base disorders, and practice cases.
Learn the major causes of hypoxemia including V/Q mismatch, shunt, diffusion impairment, hypoventilation, and low FiO₂ with clear clinical explanations.
Learn how to recognize mixed acid-base disorders on ABGs, identify compensation vs second disorders, and avoid common student mistakes.
Learn how respiratory compensation works in acid-base disorders, including acute vs chronic changes in PaCO₂ and HCO₃⁻ with clear clinical rules and examples.
Download a free ABG cheat sheet and learn a fast, repeatable approach to arterial blood gas interpretation including pH, CO₂, HCO₃⁻, compensation, and oxygenation.
Learn how to calculate and interpret the A–a gradient, what is normal, and how it helps identify causes of hypoxemia like V/Q mismatch, shunt, and diffusion impairment.
Normal VBG ranges for pH, PvCO₂, HCO₃⁻, and PvO₂, plus when VBG is useful and when ABG is required.
Move from a guide to a calculator or practice case when you're ready.