Evidence-based posts for clinicians and students covering ABG and VBG interpretation, breathwork, COPD, oxygenation, ventilation, and respiratory education.
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Learn common causes of false positive D-dimer including infection, inflammation, cancer, pregnancy, age, surgery, trauma, hospitalization, and how to interpret elevated D-dimer in pulmonary embolism workups.
Learn the practical pulmonary embolism rule-out pathway for low-risk patients using Wells Score, PERC, D-dimer, age-adjusted D-dimer, and imaging decisions to avoid unnecessary CT when PE can be safely excluded.
Learn how to interpret the Wells Score using the PE Likely (>4) and PE Unlikely (≤4) two-tier model, including D-dimer use, imaging decisions, differences from the older three-tier system, and modern pulmonary embolism pathways.
Learn how the YEARS algorithm uses three clinical criteria and adjusted D-dimer thresholds to evaluate suspected pulmonary embolism, safely exclude PE in selected patients, and reduce unnecessary imaging.
Learn how to interpret D-dimer for suspected pulmonary embolism, including when it helps rule out PE, why false positives happen, how age-adjusted thresholds work, and when imaging is still required.
Follow a practical pulmonary embolism diagnostic algorithm using Wells Score, PERC, D-dimer, age-adjusted D-dimer, CTPA, V/Q scanning, and high-risk PE cautions.
Learn how to calculate the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff, when to use it for pulmonary embolism evaluation, why it improves specificity in older adults, and how it fits into modern PE diagnostic pathways.