Evidence-based posts for clinicians and students covering ABG and VBG interpretation, breathwork, COPD, oxygenation, ventilation, and respiratory education.
Use the PulmTools blog to go deeper on the same topics covered in our calculators, simulators, and bedside tools, with practical clinical explanations and student-friendly breakdowns.
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Learn how respiratory compensation works in acid-base disorders, including acute vs chronic changes in PaCO₂ and HCO₃⁻ with clear clinical rules and examples.
Download a free ABG cheat sheet and learn a fast, repeatable approach to arterial blood gas interpretation including pH, CO₂, HCO₃⁻, compensation, and oxygenation.
Learn how to calculate and interpret the A–a gradient, what is normal, and how it helps identify causes of hypoxemia like V/Q mismatch, shunt, and diffusion impairment.
Learn how to distinguish respiratory vs metabolic acidosis using pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃⁻, with causes, compensation patterns, and clinical examples.
Clinical scenarios, correlation caveats, and practical guidance for sampling strategy.