Evidence-based posts for clinicians and students covering ABG and VBG interpretation, breathwork, COPD, oxygenation, ventilation, and respiratory education.
Use the blog to go deeper on the same topics covered in PulmTools calculators and simulators, with step-by-step clinical explanations, student-friendly breakdowns, and practical bedside context.
Learn how to interpret an ABG step by step with a simple method, normal values, compensation basics, and interactive calculator support.
Practice ABG interpretation with real-world arterial blood gas cases, step-by-step answers, and calculator support to master acid-base analysis.
Learn the difference between metabolic and respiratory compensation in ABG interpretation, including step-by-step rules, formulas, timing, and clinical examples.
Learn the target oxygen saturation in COPD, why 88–92% is recommended, how excess oxygen can worsen hypercapnia, and how to safely titrate oxygen in clinical practice.
Understand COPD GOLD groups A, B, and E with symptoms, exacerbation risk, and treatment explained in a clear, step-by-step clinical guide.
A practical, step-by-step guide to COPD exacerbation management including oxygen targets, bronchodilators, steroids, antibiotics, NIV, and escalation of care.
Master ABG analysis with a step-by-step guide covering pH, primary disorders, compensation, oxygenation, mixed acid-base disorders, and practice cases.
Learn how to recognize mixed acid-base disorders on ABGs, identify compensation vs second disorders, and avoid common student mistakes.
Learn how respiratory compensation works in acid-base disorders, including acute vs chronic changes in PaCO₂ and HCO₃⁻ with clear clinical rules and examples.
Download a free ABG cheat sheet and learn a fast, repeatable approach to arterial blood gas interpretation including pH, CO₂, HCO₃⁻, compensation, and oxygenation.
Learn a simple, repeatable method to interpret ABGs with real clinical examples and practice tips.
Learn how to interpret venous blood gases step-by-step, including normal values, acid-base interpretation, clinical use cases, and when ABG is required.