Evidence-based posts for clinicians and students covering ABG and VBG interpretation, breathwork, COPD, oxygenation, ventilation, and respiratory education.
Use the blog to go deeper on the same topics covered in PulmTools calculators and simulators, with step-by-step clinical explanations, student-friendly breakdowns, and practical bedside context.
Learn Winter's formula step by step to calculate expected PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis, identify appropriate compensation, and detect mixed acid-base disorders.
Learn the anion gap formula step by step (Na − (Cl + HCO3)), normal values, and how to interpret high vs normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Understand Winter's Formula for expected PaCO₂ in metabolic acidosis, how to apply it, and how to detect mixed disorders step by step.